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Li-sensor tsa Airborne tsa LiDARe ka nka lintlha tse itseng ho tsoa ho laser pulse, e tsejoang ka hore ke litekanyo tsa ho khutla tse sa tšoaneng, kapa ea rekota letšoao le feletseng ha le khutla, le bitsoang full-waveform, ka linako tse tsitsitseng tse kang 1 ns (e koahelang hoo e ka bang 15 cm). LiDAR e nang le maqhubu a felletseng e sebelisoa haholo merung, ha LiDAR e khutla e na le lits'ebetso tse pharalletseng masimong a fapaneng. Sengoliloeng sena se bua haholo ka ho khutlisa LiDAR le ts'ebeliso ea eona. Khaolong ena, re tla bua ka lihlooho tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa ka LiDAR, ho kenyelletsa le likarolo tsa eona tsa mantlha, hore na e sebetsa joang, ho nepahala ha eona, litsamaiso le lisebelisoa tse teng.
Likarolo tsa Motheo tsa LiDAR
Sistimi ea LiDAR e thehiloeng fatše hangata e sebelisa li-laseser tse nang le maqhubu a pakeng tsa 500-600 nm, ha lits'ebetso tsa LiDAR tse tsamaisoang ke moea li sebelisa lilase tse nang le maqhubu a malelele, ho tloha ho 1000-1600 nm. Setaele se tloaelehileng sa moea sa LiDAR se kenyelletsa sekena sa laser, yuniti ea ho metha sebaka (yuniti e lekanyang), le litsamaiso tsa ho laola, ho beha leihlo le ho rekota. E boetse e kenyelletsa Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) le Unit Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), hangata e kopantsoeng tsamaisong e le 'ngoe e tsejoang e le mokhoa oa boemo le mokhoa oa ho sheba. Sistimi ena e fana ka lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa sebaka (longitude, latitude, le altitude) le tlhaiso-leseling (roll, pitch, le heading) data.
Mekhoa eo laser e hlahlobang sebaka ka eona e ka fapana, ho kenyelletsa le litselana tsa zigzag, parallel, kapa elliptical. Ho kopanngoa ha data ea DGPS le IMU, hammoho le data ea calibration le li-parameter tse ntseng li eketseha, li lumella tsamaiso ho sebetsana ka nepo le lintlha tse bokelitsoeng tsa laser. Lintlha tsena li abeloa li-coordinates (x, y, z) tsamaisong ea ho hokahanya ha libaka ho sebelisoa datum ea World Geodetic System ea 1984 (WGS84).
Joang LiDARRemote SensingE sebetsa? Hlalosa ka Tsela e Bonolo
Sistimi ea LiDAR e hlahisa li-pulse tsa laser tse potlakileng ho ea ho ntho e shebiloeng kapa bokaholimo.
Li-pulse tsa laser li bonahatsa sepheo ebe li khutlela ho sensor ea LiDAR.
Sensor e lekanya ka nepo nako eo e e nkang hore pulse e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tsamaee ho sepheo le ho khutla.
Ho sebelisoa lebelo la leseli le nako ea ho tsamaea, sebaka se lebetsoeng se baloa.
Ha li kopantsoe le boemo le lintlha tsa tataiso ho tsoa ho lisensara tsa GPS le IMU, likhokahano tse nepahetseng tsa 3D tsa likhatiso tsa laser lia khethoa.
Sena se fella ka leru le teteaneng la 3D le emelang bokaholimo kapa ntho e hlahlobiloeng.
Molao-motheo oa 'mele oa LiDAR
Sistimi ea LiDAR e sebelisa mefuta e 'meli ea li-lasers: leqhubu la pulsed le le tsoelang pele. Sistimi ea Pulsed LiDAR e sebetsa ka ho romella molumo o mokhuts'oane oa lebone ebe e lekanya nako eo ho e nkang hore molumo ona o tsamaee ho sepheo ebe o khutlela ho moamoheli. Tekanyo ena ea nako ea ho ea le ho khutla e thusa ho fumana sebaka sa ho fihla moo u batlang ho ea teng. Mohlala o bonts'oa setšoantšong moo ho bonts'itsoeng bophahamo ba lets'oao la lebone le fetisitsoeng (AT) le lets'oao le amohetseng (AR). Equation ea motheo e sebelisoang tsamaisong ena e akarelletsa lebelo la khanya (c) le sebaka se lebang moo ho lebeletsoeng (R), e leng ho lumellang tsamaiso ho bala sebaka ho latela hore na ho nka nako e kae hore lebone le khutle.
Ho khutla ka mokhoa o ikhethileng le tekanyo e felletseng ea maqhubu o sebelisa LiDAR e tsamaeang le moea.
Sistimi e tloaelehileng ea LiDAR e tsamaisoang ke moea.
Ts'ebetso ea ho lekanya ho LiDAR, e nkang mofuputsi le litšobotsi tsa sepheo, e akaretsoa ke equation e tloaelehileng ea LiDAR. Equation ena e ikamahanya le maemo ho tsoa ho radar equation mme e bohlokoa ho utloisiseng hore na lits'ebetso tsa LiDAR li bala sebaka joang. E hlalosa kamano pakeng tsa matla a lets'oao le fetisitsoeng (Pt) le matla a lets'oao le amohetseng (Pr). Ha e le hantle, equation e thusa ho lekanya hore na khanya e kae e fetisetsoang e khutlisetsoang ho moamoheli ka mor'a hore e bonese ho tloha moo e lebisitsoeng teng, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fumana sebaka sa bohole le ho etsa limmapa tse nepahetseng. Kamano ena e ela hloko lintlha tse joalo ka ho fokotsa lets'oao ka lebaka la bohole le litšebelisano le sebaka seo ho shebiloeng ho sona.
Lisebelisoa tsa LiDAR Remote Sensing
Li-remote sensing ea LiDAR e na le lits'ebetso tse ngata ho pholletsa le likarolo tse fapaneng:
'Mapa oa sebaka le sebaka sa marang-rang bakeng sa ho theha mefuta e phahameng ea boemo bo holimo ea maemo a holimo (li-DEM).
Ho etsa 'mapa oa meru le limela ho ithuta sebopeho sa moqhaka oa lifate le biomass.
Ho etsa 'mapa oa lebopo le lebopo bakeng sa ho lekola khoholeho ea mobu le liphetoho tsa bophahamo ba leoatle.
Moralo oa litoropo le mohlala oa litšebeletso tsa motheo, ho kenyeletsoa meaho le marang-rang a lipalangoang.
Litokomane tsa thuto ea khale le tsa setso tsa libaka tsa histori le lintho tsa khale.
Liphuputso tsa jeoloji le merafo bakeng sa ho etsa 'mapa oa likarolo tsa bokaholimo le ts'ebetso ea ho beha leihlo.
Ho tsamaea ka koloi e ikemetseng le ho lemoha litšitiso.
Patlisiso ea lipolanete, joalo ka ho etsa 'mapa holim'a Mars.
U hloka Consulation ea Mahala?
Lisebelisoa tsa LiDAR:
Lenane le sa fellang la mehloli ea data ea LiDAR le software ea mahala e fanoe ka tlase.Mehloli ea data ea LiDAR:
1.Open Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.United States Interagency Elevation Inventoryhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.Tsamaiso ea Naha ea Leoatle le Atmospheric (NOAA)Lebopo la Dijithalehttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Inthanetenghttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.National Ecological Observatory Network—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Lintlha tsa LiDAR tsa Spain Leboeahttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Lintlha tsa LiDAR tsa United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Software ea mahala ea LiDAR:
1.E hloka ENVI. http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(bakeng sa LiDAR le lintlha tse ling tsa raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.FUSION/LDV(Pono ea data ea LiDAR, phetoho, le tlhahlobo) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Lisebelisoa tsa LAS(Khoutu le software ea ho bala le ho ngola lifaele tsa LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Sehlopha sa lisebelisoa tsa GUI bakeng sa pono le phetoho ea LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(laebrari ea C/C++ bakeng sa ho bala/ho ngola sebopeho sa LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Mekhahlelo e mengata ea li-curvature bakeng sa LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Pontšo ea 3D ea data ea LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Hlahloba ka ho Feletseng(Mohloli o bulehileng oa software bakeng sa ho sebetsana le ho bona maru le maqhubu a LiDARpoint) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Point Cloud Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Quick Terrain Reader(Ponahalo ea maru a ntlha ea LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa software tsa LiDAR li ka fumanoa leqepheng la websaete la Open Topography ToolRegistry ho http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Liteboho
- Sengoliloeng sena se kenyelletsa lipatlisiso tse tsoang ho "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Application" ka Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Sengoloa se felletseng se teng.Mona.
- Lenane lena le pharaletseng le tlhaloso e qaqileng ea mehloli ea data ea LiDAR le software ea mahala e fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa litsebi le bafuputsi lefapheng la ho lemoha le ho hlahloba libaka.
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Nako ea poso: Apr-16-2024