Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa laser (Leseli la Amplification ka Stimulated Emission of Radiation) o thehiloe holim'a ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea leseli. Ka letoto la meralo le meaho e nepahetseng, li-laser li hlahisa maballo a nang le momahano e phahameng, monochromaticity, le khanya. Li-Laser li sebelisoa haholo theknolojing ea sejoale-joale, ho kenyeletsoa mafapheng a kang puisano, bongaka, tlhahiso, tekanyo le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. Bokhabane ba bona bo phahameng le litšobotsi tse nepahetseng tsa taolo li ba etsa karolo ea mantlha ea mahlale a mangata. Ka tlase ke tlhaloso e qaqileng ea melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso ea lasers le mekhoa ea mefuta e fapaneng ea li-lasers.
1. Phallo e Tsosolositsoeng
Khothalletsa ho tsoake molao-motheo oa motheo oa tlhahiso ea laser, o hlahisitsoeng ka lekhetlo la pele ke Einstein ka 1917. Ketsahalo ena e hlalosa kamoo li-photon tse momahaneng li hlahisoang ka tšebelisano pakeng tsa leseli le taba ea boemo bo thabileng. Ho utloisisa hamolemo tlhahiso e hlasimollang, ha re qaleng ka tlhahiso e itlelang feela:
Phello e Ikemetseng: Liathomong, limolek'hule, kapa likaroloana tse ling tse nyenyane haholo, li-electrone li ka monya matla a ka ntle (joaloka matla a motlakase kapa a optical) le ho fetela boemong bo phahameng ba matla, bo tsejoang e le boemo bo thabileng. Leha ho le joalo, li-electrone tsa boemo bo thabileng ha lia tsitsa 'me qetellong li tla khutlela boemong bo tlaase ba matla, bo tsejoang e le boemo ba fatše, ka mor'a nako e khutšoanyane. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, elektrone e ntša photon, e leng tlhahiso e iketsahallang feela. Li-photon tse joalo li iketsahalla feela ka makhetlo a mangata, mohato le tataiso, kahoo ha li na momahano.
Emission e tsosolositsoeng: Senotlolo sa tlhahiso e tsosolositsoeng ke hore ha elektronike ea boemo bo thabileng e kopana le photon e nang le matla a tšoanang le matla a eona a phetoho, photon e ka etsa hore elektrone e khutlele sebakeng sa fatše ha e ntse e lokolla photon e ncha. Photon e ncha e ts'oana le ea pele ho latela mokhoa oa frequency, phase, le propagation direction, e leng se hlahisang leseli le lumellanang. Ketsahalo ena e holisa palo le matla a li-photon haholo 'me ke mokhoa oa mantlha oa li-lasers.
Maikutlo a Matle Phello ea Phello e Tsosolositsoeng: Moqapi oa li-lasers, ts'ebetso e tsosolositsoeng ea tlhahiso e phetoa ka makhetlo a mangata, 'me phello ena e ntle ea maikutlo e ka eketsa ka mokhoa o hlakileng palo ea li-photon. Ka thuso ea sekoti sa resonant, ho lumellana ha photons ho bolokoa, 'me matla a khanya ea leseli a tsoela pele ho eketseha.
2. Fumana Mahareng
Thefumana maharengke sesebelisoa sa mantlha ho laser se khethollang ho holisoa ha li-photon le tlhahiso ea laser. Ke motheo oa 'mele oa tlhahiso e tsosolositsoeng,' me thepa ea eona e khetholla maqhubu, bolelele ba maqhubu le matla a tlhahiso ea laser. Mofuta le litšoaneleho tsa mokhoa oa ho fumana li ama ka kotloloho ts'ebeliso le ts'ebetso ea laser.
Mokhoa oa ho Phahamisa: Lielektrone tse sebakeng sa phaello li hloka ho hlasimoloha ho isa boemong bo phahameng ba matla ke mohloli o kantle oa matla. Hangata mokhoa ona o finyelloa ka mekhoa ea ho fana ka matla a kantle. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea excitation e kenyelletsa:
Motlakase Pumping: Ho thabisa li-electrone sebakeng sa phaello ka ho sebelisa motlakase.
Optical Pumping: Ho thabisa seaplane ka mohlodi wa lebone (jwalo ka lebone la flash kapa laser e nngwe).
Sistimi ea Maemo a Matla: Lielektrone tse sebakeng sa phaello hangata li ajoa ka maemo a khethehileng a matla. Tse atileng haholo litsamaiso ea mekhahlelo e 'melilelitsamaiso tsa maemo a mane. Ka mokhoa o bonolo oa mekhahlelo e 'meli, phetoho ea li-electrone ho tloha sebakeng sa fatše ho ea sebakeng se thabileng ebe se khutlela sebakeng sa fatše ka tlhahiso e tsosolositsoeng. Tsamaisong ea mekhahlelo e mene, lielektrone li etsa liphetoho tse rarahaneng pakeng tsa maemo a fapaneng a matla, hangata a fellang ka katleho e phahameng.
Mefuta ea Gain Media:
Phaello ea Khase e Bohareng: Ka mohlala, li-lasers tsa helium-neon (He-Ne). Mecha ea phatlalatso ea khase e tsebahala ka tlhahiso ea eona e tsitsitseng le bolelele bo tsitsitseng, 'me e sebelisoa haholo e le mehloli e tloaelehileng ea leseli lilaboratoring.
Mokelikeli oa Phaello e Bohareng: Ka mohlala, dae lasers. Limolek'hule tsa dae li na le thepa e ntle ea ho hlasimolla ho pholletsa le maqhubu a fapaneng a maqhubu, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng li-lasers tse ka sebelisoang.
Matla a Phaello e Bohareng: Ka mohlala, lasers ea Nd(neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet). Li-lasers tsena li sebetsa hantle haholo ebile li matla, 'me li sebelisoa haholo ho seha liindasteri, ho cheselletsa, le lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka.
Semiconductor Gain Medium: Ka mohlala, lisebelisoa tsa gallium arsenide (GaAs) li sebelisoa haholo litabeng tsa puisano le lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronic tse kang laser diode.
3. Resonator Cavity
Thesebaka sa resonatorke karolo ea sebopeho ho laser e sebelisoang bakeng sa maikutlo le ho holisa. Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa eona ke ho ntlafatsa palo ea li-photon tse hlahisoang ka tlhahiso e khothaletsoang ka ho li bonahatsa le ho li holisa ka har'a mokoti, ka hona ho hlahisa tlhahiso e matla le e tsepamisitsoeng ea laser.
Sebopeho sa Resonator Cavity: Hangata e na le liipone tse peli tse bapileng. E 'ngoe ke seipone se khanyang ka ho feletseng, se tsejoang e leseipone se ka morao, 'me e 'ngoe ke seipone se bonahatsang karolo e itseng, se tsejoang e leseipone sa tlhahiso. Lifoto li bonts'a pele le morao ka har'a mokoti 'me li holisoa ka ho sebelisana le mokhoa oa ho fumana chelete.
Boemo ba Resonance: Moralo oa sekoti sa resonator o tlameha ho kopana le maemo a itseng, joalo ka ho netefatsa hore li-photon li theha maqhubu a emeng ka har'a sekoti. Sena se hloka bolelele ba cavity hore e be multiple wavelength laser. Ke maqhubu a khanyang feela a finyellang maemo ana a ka matlafatsoang ka katleho ka hare ho sekoti.
Output Beam: Seipone se khantšang ka mokhoa o sa fellang se lumella karolo e 'ngoe ea lebone le khanyang ho feta, ho etsa lebone la laser's output. Lehlaseli lena le na le tataiso e phahameng, momahano, le monochromaticity.
Haeba u batla ho ithuta ho eketsehileng kapa u thahasella li-lasers, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho ikopanya le rona:
Lumispot
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Nako ea poso: Sep-18-2024