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Letoto lena le ikemiselitse ho fa babali kutloisiso e tebileng le e tsoelang pele ea tsamaiso ea Nako ea Sefofane (TOF). Likahare li akaretsa kakaretso e felletseng ea litsamaiso tsa TOF, ho kenyeletsoa le litlhaloso tse felletseng tsa TOF e sa tobang (iTOF) le TOF e tobileng (dTOF). Likarolo tsena li shebana le liparamente tsa sistimi, melemo le mathata a tsona, le li-algorithms tse fapaneng. Sehlooho sena se boetse se hlahloba likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa mekhoa ea TOF, e kang Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), lilense tsa ho fetisetsa le ho amohela, ho amohela li-sensor tse kang CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, le li-circuits tsa mokhanni tse kang ASICs.
Selelekela ho TOF(Nako ea Sefofane)
Melao-motheo ea Motheo
TOF, e emelang Nako ea Sefofane, ke mokhoa o sebelisoang ho lekanya sebaka ka ho bala nako eo leseli le e nkang ho tsamaea sebaka se itseng ka tsela e itseng. Molao-motheo ona o sebelisoa haholo-holo maemong a optical TOF mme o batla o otlolohile. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mohloli oa leseli o ntšang lehlaseli la khanya, 'me nako ea ho tsoa e tlalehiloe. Joale leseli lena le khantša sepheo, le haptjoa ke motho ea amohelang, 'me nako ea kamohelo ea hlokomeloa. Phapang linakong tsena, e hlalosoang e le t, e khetholla sebaka (d = lebelo la leseli (c) × t / 2).
Mefuta ea li-sensors tsa ToF
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha ea li-sensor tsa ToF: optical le electromagnetic. Li-sensor tsa Optical ToF, tse atileng haholo, li sebelisa likhahla tse bobebe, hangata li le sebakeng sa infrared, ho metha sebaka. Li-pulse tsena li ntšoa ho sensor, li bonahatsa ntho, ebe li khutlela ho sensor, moo nako ea leeto e lekantsoeng le ho sebelisoa ho bala sebaka. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-sensor tsa ToF tsa motlakase li sebelisa maqhubu a motlakase, joalo ka radar kapa lidar, ho lekanya sebaka. Li sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang empa li sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng bakeng satekanyo ea sebaka.
Lisebelisoa tsa li-Sensors tsa ToF
Li-sensor tsa ToF li sebetsa ka mokhoa o fapaneng 'me li kopantsoe le likarolo tse fapaneng:
Liroboto:E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho bona litšitiso le ho tsamaea. Mohlala, liroboto tse kang Roomba le Boston Dynamics' Atlas li sebelisa lik'hamera tse tebileng tsa ToF ho etsa 'mapa oa tikoloho ea tsona le metsamao ea ho rera.
Mekhoa ea Tšireletso:Li-sensor tse tsamaeang ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho bona batho ba kenang ka har'a naha, ho hlahisa lialamo kapa ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tsa lik'hamera.
Indasteri ea Likoloi:E kenyelelitsoe lits'ebetsong tsa ho thusa bakhanni bakeng sa taolo e feto-fetohang ea maeto le ho qoba ho thulana, e ntse e ata haholo mefuteng e mecha ea likoloi.
Lekala la Bongaka: E hiriloe litšoantšong tse sa hlaseleng le ho hlahloba mafu, joalo ka optical coherence tomography (OCT), ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa linama tse nang le qeto e phahameng.
Electronics ea bareki: E kopantsoe le li-smartphones, matlapa le lilaptop bakeng sa likarolo tse kang ho lemoha sefahleho, netefatso ea biometric, le ho lemoha boitšisinyo.
Drones:E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho sesa, ho qoba ho thulana, le ho rarolla mathata a boinotši le a sefofane.
TOF System Architecture
Sistimi e tloaelehileng ea TOF e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa ho fihlela tekanyo ea sebaka se hlalositsoeng:
· Transmitter (Tx):Sena se kenyelletsa mohloli oa lebone la laser, haholo-holo aVCSEL, potoloho ea mokhanni ASIC ho khanna laser, le lisebelisoa tsa optical bakeng sa ho laola mahlaseli a kang lilense tsa collimating kapa diffractive optical elements, le li-filters.
· Moamoheli (Rx):Sena se na le lilense le li-filters qetellong ea ho amohela, li-sensor tse kang CIS, SPAD, kapa SiPM ho itšetlehile ka tsamaiso ea TOF, le Image Signal Processor (ISP) bakeng sa ho sebetsana le lintlha tse ngata tse tsoang ho chip ea moamoheli.
·Taolo ea Matla:Ho laola ho tsitsitsetaolo ea hajoale ea li-VCSEL le matla a phahameng a motlakase bakeng sa li-SPAD li bohlokoa, 'me li hloka taolo e matla ea matla.
· Software Layer:Sena se kenyeletsa firmware, SDK, OS, le lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa.
Mehaho e bontša kamoo lebone la laser, le tsoang VCSEL le fetotsoeng ke lisebelisoa tsa optical, le tsamaeang sebakeng, le bonahatsa ntho e itseng, 'me le khutlela ho moamoheli. Palo ea nako ea ho feta ts'ebetsong ena e senola boitsebiso ba sebaka kapa botebo. Leha ho le joalo, moaho ona ha o koahele litsela tsa lerata, joalo ka lerata le hlahisoang ke khanya ea letsatsi kapa lerata la litsela tse ngata ho tsoa ho likhakanyo, tse tšohliloeng hamorao letotong.
Classification of TOF Systems
Litsamaiso tsa TOF li arotsoe haholo-holo ka mekhoa ea tsona ea ho lekanya sebaka: TOF e tobileng (dTOF) le TOF e sa tobang (iTOF), e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le lisebelisoa tse ikhethang le mekhoa ea algorithmic. Letoto la pele le hlalosa melao-motheo ea bona pele le etsa tlhahlobo ea papiso ea melemo ea bona, liphephetso le liparamente tsa sistimi.
Ho sa tsotellehe molao-motheo o bonahalang o le bonolo oa TOF - ho ntša molumo oa leseli le ho lemoha ho khutla ha eona ho bala sebaka - ho rarahana ho itšetlehile ka ho khetholla leseli le khutlang ho leseli le potolohileng. Sena se rarolloa ka ho ntša khanya e lekaneng ho finyella tekanyo e phahameng ea pontšo-ho-lerata le ho khetha bolelele bo loketseng ba maqhubu ho fokotsa tšitiso ea leseli la tikoloho. Mokhoa o mong ke oa ho kenyelletsa leseli le hlahisitsoeng ho le etsa hore le khethollehe ha le khutla, le ts'oanang le matšoao a SOS ka toche.
Letoto lena le tsoela pele ho bapisa dTOF le iTOF, le buisana ka liphapang, melemo, le liphephetso tsa tsona ka botlalo, 'me li boetse li arola mekhoa ea TOF ho latela ho rarahana ha tlhahisoleseling eo ba fanang ka eona, ho tloha ho 1D TOF ho isa 3D TOF.
dTOF
Direct TOF e lekanya ka kotloloho nako ea sefofane ea photon. Karolo ea eona ea mantlha, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), e na le kutloelo-bohloko ho lekana ho bona lifoto tse le 'ngoe. dTOF e sebelisa Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) ho lekanya nako ea batho ba fihlang lifotong, ho etsa histogram ho fumana sebaka se ka bang teng ho latela maqhubu a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a phapang e itseng ea nako.
iTOF
TOF e sa tobang e lekanya nako ea sefofane e ipapisitse le phapang ea mohato lipakeng tsa maqhubu a hlahisoang le a amoheloang, hangata a sebelisa maqhubu a tsoelang pele kapa mats'oao a ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa pulse. iTOF e ka sebelisa meralo e tloaelehileng ea sensor ea setšoantšo, e lekanya matla a khanya ha nako e ntse e ea.
iTOF e boetse e arotsoe ka ho feto-fetoha ha maqhubu a tsoelang pele (CW-iTOF) le pulse modulation (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF e lekanya phetoho ea mohato lipakeng tsa maqhubu a sinusoidal a hlahisitsoeng le a amoheloang, athe Pulsed-iTOF e lekanya phetoho ea mekhahlelo e sebelisa matšoao a square wave.
Ho Eketsa ho Bala:
- Wikipedia. (nd). Nako ea ho fofa. E ntšitsoe hohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
- Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Nako ea Sefofane) | Theknoloji e Tloaelehileng ea Li-Sensors tsa Litšoantšo. E ntšitsoe hohttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
- Microsoft. (2021, Hlakola 4). Selelekela ho Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. E ntšitsoe hohttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
- ESCATEC. (2023, March 2). Li-Sensors tsa Nako ea Sefofane (TOF): Tlhaloso e Tebileng le Likopo. E ntšitsoe hohttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications
Ho tsoa leqepheng la tepohttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/
ka mongoli: Chao Guang
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Nako ea poso: Dec-18-2023