Ingolise ho Mecha ea Rona ea Litaba tsa Sechaba bakeng sa Poso e Potlakileng
Letoto lena le ikemiseditse ho fa babali kutlwisiso e tebileng le e tswelang pele ya sistimi ya Time of Flight (TOF). Dikahare di akaretsa kakaretso e felletseng ya ditsamaiso tsa TOF, ho kenyeletswa le ditlhaloso tse qaqileng tsa TOF e sa tobang (iTOF) le TOF e tobileng (dTOF). Dikarolo tsena di hlahlobisisa diparamitha tsa sistimi, melemo le mathata a tsona, le di-algorithms tse fapaneng. Sengoloa sena se boetse se hlahloba dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa ditsamaiso tsa TOF, tse kang Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), dilense tsa phetiso le kamohelo, di-sensor tse amohelang tse kang CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, le dipotoloho tsa bakganni tse kang ASICs.
Selelekela ho TOF (Nako ea ho Tsamaea ka Sefofane)
Melao-motheo ea Motheo
TOF, e emetseng Nako ea Leeto la Sefofane, ke mokhoa o sebelisoang ho lekanya sebaka ka ho bala nako eo leseli le e nkang ho tsamaea sebaka se itseng ka har'a sepakapaka. Molao-motheo ona o sebelisoa haholo-holo maemong a TOF a optical 'me o otlolohile haholo. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mohloli oa leseli o ntšang khanya ea leseli, 'me nako ea ho ntša e tlalehiloe. Leseli lena le ntan'o bonahatsa sepheo, le tšoaroa ke moamoheli, 'me nako ea kamohelo ea hlokomeloa. Phapang linakong tsena, e bontšitsoeng e le t, e khetholla sebaka (d = lebelo la leseli (c) × t / 2).
Mefuta ea Li-sensor tsa ToF
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha ea li-sensor tsa ToF: tsa optical le tsa electromagnetic. Li-sensor tsa Optical ToF, tse atileng haholo, li sebelisa li-pulse tsa leseli, hangata li le sebakeng sa infrared, bakeng sa ho lekanya sebaka. Li-pulse tsena li ntšoa ho tsoa ho sensor, li bonahatsa ntho, 'me li khutlela ho sensor, moo nako ea leeto e lekanngoang le ho sebelisoa ho bala sebaka. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-sensor tsa electromagnetic ToF li sebelisa maqhubu a electromagnetic, joalo ka radar kapa lidar, ho lekanya sebaka. Li sebetsa ka molao-motheo o tšoanang empa li sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng bakeng satekanyo ea sebaka.
Litšebeliso tsa Li-Sensor tsa ToF
Li-sensor tsa ToF li na le mekhoa e mengata 'me li kopantsoe mafapheng a fapaneng:
Liroboto:E sebelisetsoa ho lemoha litšitiso le ho tsamaea. Mohlala, liroboto tse kang Roomba le Boston Dynamics' Atlas li sebelisa lik'hamera tsa botebo ba ToF bakeng sa ho etsa 'mapa oa tikoloho ea tsona le ho rala metsamao.
Mekhoa ea Tšireletso:Li-sensor tse tloaelehileng tsa motsamao bakeng sa ho lemoha batho ba kenang, ho qalisa lialamo, kapa ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tsa khamera.
Indasteri ea Likoloi:E kenyelelitsoe lits'ebetsong tsa thuso ea bakhanni bakeng sa taolo ea maeto a sekepe a feto-fetohang le ho qoba ho thulana, e ntse e ata haholo mefuteng e mecha ea likoloi.
Lefapha la Bongaka: E sebelisitsoe litšoantšong le litlhahlobong tse sa hlaseleng, tse kang optical coherence tomography (OCT), e hlahisang litšoantšo tsa lisele tse nang le qeto e phahameng.
Lisebelisoa tsa Elektroniki tsa Bareki: E kenyelelitsoe ho li-smartphone, matlapa le lilaptop bakeng sa likarolo tse kang temoho ea sefahleho, netefatso ea biometric, le temoho ea boitšisinyo.
Lidrone:E sebelisetsoa ho tsamaisa likepe, ho qoba ho thulana, le ho sebetsana le mathata a lekunutu le a lifofane
Meralo ea Sistimi ea TOF
Sistimi e tloaelehileng ea TOF e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa ho fihlela tekanyo ea sebaka joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe:
· Sefetisi (Tx):Sena se kenyeletsa mohlodi wa lesedi la laser, haholo-holoVCSEL, potoloho ea mokhanni ea ASIC ho khanna laser, le likarolo tsa optical bakeng sa taolo ea mahlaseli joalo ka lilense tsa collimating kapa likarolo tsa optical tse tsamaisang mahlaseli, le li-filter.
· Moamoheli (Rx):Sena se na le lilense le lifilthara tse ka lehlakoreng le amohelang, li-sensor tse kang CIS, SPAD, kapa SiPM ho latela sistimi ea TOF, le Setšoantšo sa Pontšo (ISP) bakeng sa ho sebetsana le data e ngata ho tsoa ho chip ea moamoheli.
·Tsamaiso ea Matla:Tsamaiso e tsitsitsengTaolo ea hona joale bakeng sa li-VCSEL le motlakase o phahameng bakeng sa li-SPAD ke ea bohlokoa, e hlokang taolo e matla ea matla.
· Lera la Software:Sena se kenyelletsa firmware, SDK, OS, le lera la kopo.
Meralo e bonts'a kamoo lehlaseli la laser, le tsoang ho VCSEL mme le fetotsoe ke likarolo tsa optical, le tsamaeang sebakeng, le bonahatsa ntho, mme le kgutlela ho moamoheli. Palo ya ho fela ha nako tshebetsong ena e senola tlhahisoleseding ya bohole kapa botebo. Leha ho le jwalo, meralo ena ha e akaretse ditsela tsa lerata, tse kang lerata le bakwang ke letsatsi kapa lerata la ditsela tse ngata le tswang ho dipontsho, tse tla tshohlwa hamorao letotong lena.
Tlhophiso ea Mekhoa ea TOF
Mekhoa ea TOF e arotsoe haholo-holo ka mekhoa ea eona ea ho lekanya sebaka: TOF e tobileng (dTOF) le TOF e sa tobang (iTOF), e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea hardware le algorithmic. Letoto lena le qala ka ho hlalosa melao-motheo ea eona pele le hlahloba tlhahlobo e bapisang ea melemo ea eona, liphephetso le liparamente tsa sistimi.
Ho sa tsotellehe molao-motheo o bonahalang o le bonolo oa TOF - ho ntša pulse ea leseli le ho lemoha ho khutla ha lona ho bala sebaka - bothata bo ho khelosa leseli le khutlang ho leseli le potolohileng. Sena se rarolloa ka ho ntša leseli le khanyang ka ho lekaneng ho fihlela karolelano e phahameng ea lets'oao-lerata le ho khetha maqhubu a nepahetseng ho fokotsa tšitiso ea leseli la tikoloho. Mokhoa o mong ke ho kenya khoutu ea leseli le ntšitsoeng ho etsa hore le khethollehe ha le khutla, joalo ka matšoao a SOS ka toche.
Letoto lena le tswela pele ho bapisa dTOF le iTOF, le buisana ka dipharologanyo tsa tsona, melemo le diphephetso ka botlalo, mme le arola ditsamaiso tsa TOF ka lihlopha tse fapaneng ho latela ho rarahana ha tlhahisoleseding eo di fanang ka yona, ho tloha ho 1D TOF ho isa ho 3D TOF.
dTOF
Direct TOF e lekanya nako ea ho fofa ha photon ka kotloloho. Karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), e na le kutlo e lekaneng ho lemoha photon e le 'ngoe. dTOF e sebelisa Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) ho lekanya nako ea ho fihla ha photon, e haha histogram ho fumana sebaka se ka bang teng ho latela maqhubu a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a phapang e itseng ea nako.
iTOF
TOF e sa tobang e bala nako ea ho fofa ho latela phapang ea mohato pakeng tsa maqhubu a ntšitsoeng le a amohetsoeng, hangata e sebelisa matšoao a phetoho ea maqhubu a tsoelang pele kapa a pulse. iTOF e ka sebelisa meralo e tloaelehileng ea sensor ea setšoantšo, e lekanya matla a khanya ha nako e ntse e ea.
iTOF e boetse e arotsoe ka ho fetoloa ha maqhubu a sa khaotseng (CW-iTOF) le ho fetoloa ha pulse (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF e lekanya phetoho ea mohato pakeng tsa maqhubu a sinusoidal a ntšoang le a amoheloang, ha Pulsed-iTOF e bala phetoho ea mohato ho sebelisoa matšoao a maqhubu a sekwere.
Ho Bala ho Eketsehileng:
- Wikipedia. (nd). Nako ea sefofane. E nkiloe hohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
- Sehlopha sa Litharollo tsa Semiconductor sa Sony. (nd). ToF (Nako ea Leeto) | Theknoloji e Tloaelehileng ea Li-Sensor tsa Litšoantšo. E nkiloe hohttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
- Microsoft. (2021, la 4 Hlakola). Selelekela sa Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Sethala sa Azure Depth. E nkiloe ho tsoa hohttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
- ESCATEC. (2023, la 2 Hlakubele). Li-sensor tsa Nako ea ho Flight (TOF): Kakaretso e tebileng le Litšebeliso. E nkiloe hohttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications
Ho tsoa leqepheng la webohttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/
ke mongoli: Chao Guang
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Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-18-2023