Disebedisweng tsa elektroniki tsa sejoale-joale le tsa optoelectronics, thepa ea semiconductor e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka. Ho tloha ho li-smartphone le radar ea likoloi ho ea ho li-laser tsa maemo a indasteri, lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor li hohle. Har'a liparamente tsohle tsa bohlokoa, resistivity ke e 'ngoe ea litekanyo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho utloisisa le ho rala ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa sa semiconductor.
1. Ho hanyetsa ke eng?
Resistivity ke bongata ba 'mele bo lekanyang hore na thepa e hanyetsa phallo ea motlakase ka matla hakae, e atisang ho hlahisoa ka ohm-centimeters (Ω·cm). E bonahatsa "khanyetso" ea ka hare eo lielektrone li e utloang ha li ntse li tsamaea ka har'a thepa. Litšepe ka kakaretso li na le resistivity e tlase haholo, li-insulator li na le resistivity e phahameng haholo, 'me li-semiconductor li oela kae-kae lipakeng—ka monyetla o eketsehileng oa resistivity e ka fetoloang. Resistivity ρ=R*(L/A), moo: R ke khanyetso ea motlakase, A ke sebaka se tšekaletseng sa thepa, L ke bolelele ba thepa.
2. Mabaka a Susumetsang ho Resistivity ha Semiconductor
Ho fapana le litšepe, ho hanyetsa ha li-semiconductor ha hoa tsitsa. Ho susumetsoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:
① Mofuta oa Thepa: Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa semiconductor tse kang silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), le indium phosphide (InP) li na le boleng bo fapaneng ba resistivity.
② Ho sebelisa dopants: Ho hlahisa dopants (joalo ka boron kapa phosphorus) mefuteng le maemong a fapaneng a fapaneng ho fetola mahloriso a carrier, e leng se amang haholo ho hanyetsa.
③ Mocheso: Ho hanyetsa ha semiconductor ho itshetlehile haholo ka mocheso. Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, mahloriso a carrier aa eketseha, e leng se fellang ka ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa.
④ Sebopeho sa kristale le Mefokolo: Mefokolo sebopehong sa kristale—joalo ka ho falla kapa mefokolo—e ka sitisa ho tsamaea ha mojari mme kahoo ea susumetsa ho hanyetsa.
3. Kamoo Resistance e Amang Tshebetso ya Sesebelisoa Kateng
Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, ho hanyetsa ho ama ka kotloloho tšebeliso ea matla, lebelo la karabelo le botsitso ba ts'ebetso. Mohlala:
Ho diode tsa laser, ho hanyetsa ho hoholo ho lebisa ho futhumatseng ho hoholo, e leng se amang bokgoni ba ho hlahisa lesedi le nako ya bophelo ba sesebediswa.
Disebedisweng tsa RF, ho hanyetsa ka hloko ho nolofalletsa ho bapisa impedance hantle le phetiso e ntlafetseng ya letshwao.
Ho di-photodetector, di-substrate tse nang le matla a ho hanyetsa kganya hangata di bohlokwa bakeng sa ho fihlella tshebetso e tlase ya maqhubu a lefifi.
Ka hona, moralo o nepahetseng le taolo ea ho hanyetsa ke tsa bohlokoa boenjiniere ba lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor.
4. Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea ho Resistivity ea Liindasteri (Litekanyetso tsa Litšupiso)
Mofuta oa Thepa Resistivity (Ω·cm)
Silicone ea ka Hare (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silicon e nang le Doped (n-type/p-type) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (e thibelang mocheso ka halofo) ~ 10⁻³
Phosphide ea Indium (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²
5. Qetello
Ho hanyetsa ke ntho e fetang feela parameter ea thepa—ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e amang ka ho toba ts'ebetso le ts'epo ea lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor. Ho Lumispot, re ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ka khetho ea thepa, mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi, le taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso ho netefatsa hore lisebelisoa tsa rona li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso.
6. Mabapi le Rona
Lumispot e ikhethile ka ho ntshetsa pele le ho hlahisa di-laser tsa semiconductor tse sebetsang hantle le disebediswa tsa optoelectronic. Re utlwisisa karolo ya bohlokwa eo di-parameter tsa thepa tse kang resistivity di e bapalang tshebetsong ya sehlahiswa. Ikopanye le rona ho ithuta haholwanyane ka taolo ya resistivity, disebediswa tsa semiconductor tse ikgethileng, le ditharollo tsa moralo wa laser tse etseditsweng ditlhoko tsa hao tsa kopo.
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-09-2025